University of Glasgow Totally Explained

The University of Glasgow (Latin: Universitas Glasguensis) was founded in 1451, in Glasgow, Scotland. It is a renowned centre for teaching and research, with an international reputation, being one of the ancient universities of Scotland, the fourth oldest in the English-speaking world and amongst the largest, and most prestigious seats of learning in the United Kingdom. The University has recently risen to 81st place in the Times World University Rankings, climbing above St Andrews, making it one of only two institutions in Scotland to be placed inside the top 100. In addition, Glasgow has recently been named the Sunday Times Scottish University of the Year, 2007/2008.
The University's main campus is on Gilmorehill in the West End of Glasgow. The University also has a number of buildings elsewhere in the city, a facility at Loch Lomond as well as jointly operating the Crichton Campus in Dumfries with a number of other institutions.

History

The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451 by a papal bull of Pope Nicholas V, at the suggestion of King James II, giving Bishop William Turnbull permission to add the university to the city's cathedral. Its founding came about as a result of King James II's wish that Scotland have two Universities to equal Oxford and Cambridge of England. It is the second oldest university in Scotland (the oldest being the 1410-founded University of St Andrews), and the fourth oldest in the English-speaking world. The Universities of St Andrews, Glasgow and Aberdeen are ecclesiastical foundations, while Edinburgh was a civic foundation.
Glasgow has enjoyed a (usually friendly) rivalry with the University of St Andrews since its creation, and with the University of Edinburgh since the foundation of the latter in 1583. Of all the universities and tertiary education establishments in Scotland, only Glasgow offers a complete range of professional studies including law, medicine, dentistry, and engineering, combined with a comprehensive range of academic studies including science, social science, ancient and modern languages, literature, and history.
Teaching at the University began in the chapterhouse of Glasgow Cathedral then moving to nearby 'Rotten Row' in a builing known as the 'Auld Pedagogy'. The University was given 13 acres of land belonging to the Blackfriars on High Street by Mary, Queen of Scots in 1563(External Link

). By the late 17th century, the University building centered on two courtyards surrounded by walled gardens, with a clock tower which was one of the notable features of Glasgow's skyline, and a chapel adapted from the church of the former Dominican (Blackfriars) friary. This complex was one of the finest Renaissance buildings in Scotland, and its demolition, following the transferral of the University to its present site in 1871 (in less 'rough' surroundings) was one of the worst acts of cultural vandalism in 19th century Scotland. Remnants of this Scottish Renaissance building, mainly parts of the main facade, were transferred to the Gilmorehill campus and renamed as the 'Pearce Lodge'. The 'Lion and Unicorn' was also transferred from the old college site.

Present Day and Current Reputation

The university is a member of the elite Russell Group of research-led British universities and is a founding member of the organisation Universitas 21, an international grouping of universities dedicated to setting world-wide standards for higher education.
   The University has recently published its 'Building on Excellence' strategy for 2006-2010. The University's strategic plan sets out the ambition to be one of the best Universities in the world, by being an outstanding place for research, teaching and learning. The University aims to be recognised as one of the UK's top 10 universities (from its current ranking of 12th), and as one of the world's top 50 research-intensive universities.
   Glasgow has the fourth largest financial endowment among UK universities at £124m, and the fifth largest endowment per student, according to the Sutton Trust.
   As of February 2007, the University had almost 19,000 undergraduate and 5,000 postgraduate students. Glasgow has a large (for the UK) proportion of 'home' students, with almost half of the student body coming from the Greater Glasgow area, an additional 39% from elsewhere in the UK, leaving 13% from elsewhere in the world. More recently the University has started to attract more overseas students, particularly from Asia. There are 6,000 staff, of whom 3,400 are researchers, bringing in £100M of research income (2005-6). Twenty-three subject areas, and 96% of staff were awarded 5 or 5* ratings in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE).
   Recently, the University's teaching quality was independently assessed to be among the top 10 in the United Kingdom, along with its reputation as a 'research powerhouse', whose income from annual research contracts also placing among the top 10 the UK, generating a total income of over £312,000,000 per year.
   The most recent rankings from the Times Higher Education Supplement, compiled by QS, and widely regarded as one of the most respected world university rankings, places Glasgow in the top 70 Worldwide for Arts, Humanities and Biological Sciences, as well as the top 100 for Social Sciences. On top of this, recent statistics also show Glasgow to be among the top 20 in the UK for both entry standards, as well as the percentage of students who go on to gain first or upper second class honours degrees. These details are available to registered members on the THES website.

Facilities

The university's initial accommodations were part of the complex of religious buildings in the precincts of Glasgow Cathedral. In 1460 the University received a grant of land from James, Lord Hamilton, on the east side of the High Street, immediately north of the Blackfriars Church, on which it had its home for the next four hundred years. In the mid-seventeenth century, the Hamilton Building was replaced with a very grand two-court building with a decorated west front facing the High Street, called the 'Nova Erectio' or New Building. Over the following centuries, the university's size and scope continued to expand, including Scotland's first public museum, the Hunterian, designed by Robert Adam. It was a centre of the Scottish Enlightenment and subsequently of the industrial revolution, and its expansion in the High Street was constrained. The area around the university declined as well off residents moved westwards with expansion of the city and overcrowding of the immediate area by less well off residents. It was this rapid slumming of the area that was a chief catalyst of the universities move.
   Consequently in 1870, it moved to a (then greenfield) site on Gilmorehill in the West End of the city (around three miles west of its prior location), enclosed by a large loop of the River Kelvin. Its accommodations there were a number of custom-made buildings, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the Gothic revival style. The largest of these (now called the Gilbert Scott Building) echoed (on a far grander scale) the High Street campus's twin quadrangle layout. Between the two quadrangles Scott's son Oldrid built an open undercroft, above which is his grand Bute Hall (used for examinations and graduation ceremonies), and the buildings' signature Gothic bell tower. The sandstone cladding and Gothic design of the buildings' exterior belie the modernity of its Victorian construction — Scott's building is hung on a (then cutting-edge) riveted iron frame, with a lightweight wooden-beam roof.
   Even these enlarged premises couldn't contain the ever-growing university, which quickly spread across much of Gilmorehill. The 1930s saw the construction of the award-winning round Reading Room (it is now a grade-A listed building) and an aggressive programme of house purchases, in which the university (fearing the surrounding district of Hillhead was running out of suitable building land) acquired several terraces of Victorian houses and joined them together internally. The departments of Psychology, Computing Science, and most of the Arts Faculty continue to be housed in these terraces, though the University is constructing a new building for the Computing Science department.
   More buildings were built beside the main buildings, filling the land between University Avenue and the river with natural science buildings and the faculty of medicine. The medical school spread into neighbouring Partick and joined with the Western General Infirmary. The growth and prosperity of the city, which had forced the university's relocation to Hillhead, again proved problematic when more real estate was required. The school of veterinary medicine, which was founded in 1862, moved to a new campus in the leafy surrounds of Garscube Estate on the edge of the city in 1954. The university later moved its sports ground and associated facilities to Anniesland (around two miles west of the main campus) and built student halls of residence in both Anniesland and Maryhill. The growth of tertiary education from the 1960s led the university to build numerous modern buildings across the hill, including several brutalist concrete blocks: the Mathematics building; the Boyd Orr building (a squat grey concrete tower housing lecture rooms and laboratories named after university graduate and Nobel Peace Prize winner John Boyd Orr); and the Adam Smith building (housing the social science faculty, named after university graduate Adam Smith). Other additions around this time, including the glass-lined library tower and the amber-brick geology building, were more in keeping with Gilmorehill's leafy suburban architecture. The erection of these buildings around 1968 also involved the demolition of a large number of houses in Ashton Road, and rerouting the west end of University Avenue to its current position.
   The University's Hunterian Museum resides in the Gilbert Scott Building, and the related Hunterian Gallery is housed in buildings adjacent to the University Library. The latter includes "The Mackintosh House", a rebuilt terraced house designed by, and furnished after, architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
   The university opened a campus in the town of Dumfries in Dumfries and Galloway. The Crichton campus, designed to meet the needs for tertiary education in an area far from major concentrations of population, is jointly operated by the University of Glasgow, the University of Paisley, Bell College, and the Open University. It offers a modular undergraduate curriculum, leading to one of a small number of liberal arts degrees, as well as providing the regions only access to postgraduate study.
   In October 2001 the century-old Bower Building (previously home to the university's botany department) was gutted by fire. The interior and roof of the building were largely destroyed, although the main facade remained intact. After a £10.8 million refit, the building re-opened to staff and students in November 2004.
   The Wolfson Medical School Building, with its award-winning glass-fronted atrium, opened in 2002.
   The University Library, situated opposite the main building, is regarded as one of the best academic libraries in Europe, with the number of books alone topping two million. Situated over 12 floors, it also houses sections for periodicals, microfilms, special collections and rare materials, some of which are exhibited on the top floor. In addition to the main library, subject libraries also exist for Chemistry, Dental Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Education, and the faculty of Social Sciences, which are held in branch libraries around the campus. In 2007, a state of the art section to house the library's collection of historic photographs was opened, funded by the Wolfson Foundation.
   The university is currently spread over a number of different campuses. The main one is the Gilmorehill campus, in Hillhead. As well as this there's the Vet School at the top of Maryhill Road, on the Garscube Estate. The University also operates a Dental School in the city centre, as well as the aforementioned Crichton campus in Dumfries, and in 2003 they opened their new Education Faculty Building (the St Andrews Building, replacing Bearsden's St Andrews Campus) in the Woodlands area of the city on the site of the former Queens College, which had in turn been bought by Glasgow Caledonian University, from whom the university acquired the site.
   As well as these teaching campuses the university has halls of residence in and around the North-West of the city, accommodating a total of approximately 3,500 students. They have the Murano Street halls in Maryhill; the Wolfson halls, also in Maryhill, on the Garscube Estate; Queen Margaret halls, in Kelvinside; and Kelvinhaugh Gate, in Yorkhill. In recent years, Dalrymple and Horslethill halls in Dowanhill, Reith halls in North Kelvinside and the Maclay halls in Park Circus (near Kelvingrove Park), have closed and been sold, as the development value of such property increased.
   The university also has a large sports complex in their Garscube Estate, beside their Wolfson Halls and Vet School. This is a new facility. They sold their previous sports ground (Westerlands) which was in the Anniesland area of Glasgow. The university also has a boathouse situated on the River Clyde. It is out of here that Glasgow University Boat Club train.

Governance and administration

In common with the other Ancient universities of Scotland the University's constitution is laid out in the Universities (Scotland) Acts. These Act create a tripartite structure of bodies - the University Court (governing body), the Academic Senate (academic affairs) and the General Council (advisory). There is also a clear separation between governance and executive administration.
The University's constitution, academic regulations, and appointments are authoritatively described in the University calendar, while other aspects of its story and constitution are detailed in a separate 'history' document.

University Court

The governing body of the University is the University Court, which is responsible for contractual matters; employing staff; and all other matters relating to finance and administration. The Court takes decisions about the deployment of resources as well as formulating strategic plans for the university. The Court is chaired by the Rector (see below for more information), who is elected by all the matriculated students at the university.

Academic Senate

The Academic Senate (or University Senate) is the body which is responsible for the management of academic affairs, and the awarding of all degrees. The Senate consists of various academics and is chaired by the Principal of the university.

Committees

There are also a number of committees of both the Court and Senate that make important decisions and investigate matters referred to them. As well as these bodies there's a General Council made up of the university graduates that's involved in the running of the university. The graduates also elect the Chancellor of the university. A largely honorific post, the current Chancellor is Professor Sir Kenneth Calman, former Chief Medical Officer and current Vice-Chancellor of the University of Durham.

Executive administration

Day to day management of the University is undertaken by the University Principal (who is also Vice-Chancellor) and the Secretary of Court. The current principal is Sir Muir Russell who replaced Professor Sir Graeme Davies in October, 2003. The current secretary of court is David Newall.
There are also several Vice-Principals, each with a specific remit. They, along with the Clerk of Senate, play a major role in the day to day management of the university.

Faculties

There are currently nine faculties at Glasgow University. They are

Arts;
Biomedical and Life Sciences;
Education (formed when the university merged with St Andrews College of Education);
Engineering;
Information and Mathematical Sciences;
Law, Business and Social Sciences;
Medicine (includes Dentistry and Nursing);
Physical Sciences; and
Veterinary Medicine.

The Veterinary School is perhaps one of Glasgow's most famous faculties, having produced the personalities of James Herriot (aka Alf Wight), Eddie Straiton ("The TV Vet"), Sir William Weipers, among many others and has the distinction of having its degree recognised not only by the UK, but also the USA, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, as well as most other countries in the world, an honour shared by only a handful of other institutions.
The Medical School is also one of Glasgow's greatest strengths. Traditionally considered one of the top schools in the UK, it placed first in The Times' 2004 ranking of UK university medical departments. Notable medical graduates include Professor Sir Kenneth Calman, former Chief Medical Officer, now the new Chancellor of the University of Glasgow; Professor David Barlow, Executive Dean of the Glasgow University Faculty of Medicine, one of the UK’s leading authorities on reproductive medicine and osteoporosis and was Nuffield Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at the University of Oxford.

Students

Unlike other universities in Scotland, Glasgow doesn't have a single students' association. Instead, representation and welfare services are provided by the Students' Representative Council and students may also join one of two students' unions which provide other services.
Neither of the University's students' unions are affiliated to the National Union of Students - membership has been rejected on a number of occasions, most recently in November 2006, on both economic and political grounds. Neither does the representative body take the form of a Students' Association, as it does at other Scottish universities. However, every student is automatically represented by the Glasgow University Students' Representative Council (SRC) and has the right to stand for election to this body and elect its members. The President of the SRC, along with one other SRC member, the Court Assessor, sit on the University Court and a number of SRC members sit on the Academic Senate (which also has the responsibility of overseeing student discipline). Each student has the right to opt out of being a SRC member, although this rarely happens.

Rector

� See: Rector of the University of Glasgow

See: List of elections for Rector of the University of Glasgow Students also elect a Rector (officially styled "Lord Rector") who holds office for a three year term and is legally entitled to chair the University Court. This position is in practice largely an honorary and ceremonial one, and has been held by political figures including William Gladstone, Benjamin Disraeli, Andrew Bonar Law, Robert Peel, Raymond Poincaré, Arthur Balfour, and 1970s union activist Jimmy Reid, and latterly by celebrities such as TV presenters Arthur Montford and Johnny Ball, musician Pat Kane, and actors Richard Wilson, Ross Kemp and Greg Hemphill. In the past, few Rectors have actually been present to perform the duties of their office, although in recent years there has been a trend to elect people on the expectation that that'll be working rectors. Ross Kemp was asked to resign by the SRC (which he did) for what they felt was a failure to act as a working rector. In 2004, for the first time in its history, the University was left without a Rector as no nominations were received. When the elections were run in December, Mordechai Vanunu was chosen for the post, even though he's unable to attend due to restrictions placed upon him by the Israeli government.

Student Unions and representation

In addition to the Students' Representative Council, students are commonly members of one of the University's two students' unions, Glasgow University Union (GUU) and the Queen Margaret Union (QMU).
Both unions are steeped in a long history. Historically the GUU was all-male, and the QMU was for female students. These are largely social and cultural institutions, providing their members with facilities for debating, dining, recreation, socialising, and drinking, and both have a number of meeting rooms available for rental to members. Postgraduate students, mature students and staff can join the Hetherington Research Club, although postgraduates are entitled to join one of the student unions in addition to the Research Club.
Glasgow has led the UK's university debating culture since 1953. The Glasgow University Union has won the World Universities Debating Championships five times, more than any other university or club in the series' multi-decade history. Sporting affairs are regulated by the Glasgow University Sports Association (GUSA) (previously the Glasgow University Athletics Club). There are a large number of varied clubs, who regularly compete in BUSA competitions. Students who join one of the sports clubs, affiliated with the university such as GURFC, Glasgow University Shinty Club, and the Glasgow University Canoe Club

, must also join GUSA.

Student clubs and societies

The University has an eclectic body of clubs and societies, ranging from the Glasgow University Penguin Society to the Living Marxism Student Society. The Glasgow University Engineering Society was once presided over by Percy Pilcher, giving it the claim to fame of having nearly been the birthplace of powered flight. Student Theatre at Glasgow has been highly active on campus throughout its existence and the likelihood is that if you studied at Glasgow University during the later 20th century, particularly in the faculty of Arts, you'll have come across one or more STaG productions.

Media

There is also an active student media scene at Glasgow University, part of, but editorially independent from, the SRC. There is a newspaper, the Glasgow University Guardian; a magazine, Glasgow University Magazine (GUM); a television station, Glasgow University Student Television (GUST); and a radio station, Subcity. In recent years, independent of the SRC, the Queen Margaret Union has published a fortnightly magazine, qmunicate, and Glasgow University Union has produced the GUUi.

People

Notable alumni and faculty

� See: List of Alumni and Faculty of the University of Glasgow and List of Professorships at the University of Glasgow

Famous scholars associated with the university include Lord Kelvin, Adam Smith, James Watt, John Logie Baird, Colin Maclaurin, Francis Hutcheson and Joseph Lister. In more recent times, the university boasts of having Europe's largest collection of life scientists.

List of Chancellors

William Turnbull (1451)

Andrew de Durisdere (1455)

John Laing (1474)

Robert Blackadder (1483)

James Beaton (1508)

Gavin Dunbar (1524)

James Beaton II (1551-1560)

John Porterfield (1571)

James Boyd (1572)

Robert Montgomery (1581)

William Erskine (1585)

Walter Stewart, 1st Lord Blantyre (1587)

John Spottiswoode (1603)

James Law (1615)

Patrick Lindsay (1633)

James Hamilton, 3rd Marquess of Hamilton (1642)

John Thurloe (1658)

William Cunningham, 8th Earl of Glencairn (1660)

Andrew Fairfowl (1661)

Alexander Burnet (1664)

Robert Leighton (1672)

Alexander Burnet (1674)

Arthur Ross (1679)

Alexander Cairncross (1684)

John Paterson (1687)

John Carmichael, 2nd Lord Carmichael (1692)

James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose (1714)

William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose (1743)

James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose (1781)

James Graham, 4th Duke of Montrose (1837)

Sir William Stirling-Maxwell of Pollock (1875)

Walter Montagu-Douglas-Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch, 7th Duke of Queensberry (1878)

John Hamilton Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair (1884)

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1904)

Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery (1908)

Sir Donald MacAlister, 1st Baronet (1929)

Sir Daniel Macaulay Stevenson (1934-1944)

Sir John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr (1946)

Sir Alexander Kirkland Cairncross(1972)

Sir William Kerr Fraser (1996)

Professor Sir Kenneth Calman (2006)

List of Principals and Vice-Chancellors

Archibald Davidson (1785)

William Taylor (1803)

Duncan MacFarlan (1823)

Thomas Barclay (1858)

John Caird (1873)

Robert Story (1898)

Sir Donald MacAlister, 1st Baronet (1909)

Sir Robert Sangster Rait (1929)

Sir Hector Hetherington (1936)

Sir Charles Haynes Wilson (1961)

Sir Alwyn Williams (1972)

Sir William Kerr Fraser(1988)

Sir Graeme Davies (1995)

Sir Muir Russell (2003)

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